Nestled high in the rugged cliffs of Turkey’s Trabzon province, Sumela Monastery is a breathtaking sight and a masterpiece of both nature and human ingenuity. Known for its rich history, stunning architecture, and cultural significance, Sumela Monastery attracts visitors from around the world. But what makes this ancient monastery so special? Let’s explore the mysteries and stories that have shaped this incredible landmark over the centuries.
The Location of Sumela Monastery

Located in the lush green mountains of the Pontic Alps, Sumela Monastery is perched dramatically on a cliff face above the Altindere Valley. It is about 1,200 meters (3,900 feet) above sea level and lies within Altindere National Park. This awe-inspiring location makes it a little tricky to access but certainly worth the journey. Visitors usually begin their trip in Trabzon, a coastal city in northeastern Turkey, and can reach the monastery by car, bus, or a scenic hike.
Historical Background of Sumela Monastery

Sumela Monastery is believed to have been founded in the year 386 AD during the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius I. According to legend, two Athenian monks, Barnabas and Sophronius, discovered a miraculous icon of the Virgin Mary in a cave on the mountain and decided to build a monastery around it. Over the centuries, Sumela grew in both size and importance, becoming a center for religious education and pilgrimage.
The Architecture of Sumela Monastery

The architectural design of Sumela Monastery is as impressive as its location. Built into the steep cliffs, the monastery appears almost suspended in mid-air, blending seamlessly with its natural surroundings. The complex consists of several chapels, student rooms, a kitchen, a library, and a guesthouse, all arranged around a central courtyard. The cliffside location provided both isolation and protection, ensuring the monastery’s survival through numerous invasions and political changes.
Religious Significance of Sumela Monastery
Sumela Monastery has long been a significant site for the Eastern Orthodox Christian faith. The miraculous icon of the Virgin Mary, believed to have been painted by St. Luke the Evangelist, is a symbol of the monastery’s religious importance. Throughout its history, Sumela has been a place of pilgrimage, especially during the annual feast day of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary on August 15th, when thousands of Orthodox Christians gather to celebrate.
Art and Frescoes
One of the highlights of any visit to Sumela Monastery is the stunning Byzantine frescoes that adorn the interior walls. These frescoes depict scenes from the Bible, including the life of Christ and the Virgin Mary, as well as the lives of various saints. Despite centuries of wear and the challenging mountain climate, many of these works of art have been remarkably well-preserved, offering a glimpse into the artistic achievements of the Byzantine era.
Monastery During the Ottoman Empire
When the Ottoman Empire conquered the region in the 15th century, Sumela Monastery continued to thrive. The Ottoman rulers, known for their tolerance of different religions, allowed the monastery to remain a Christian stronghold. This period of relative peace allowed the monks to focus on education, religious services, and the preservation of their sacred texts and icons.
Abandonment and Restoration of the Monastery
In 1923, following the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, the monks were forced to leave Monastery, and it fell into disrepair. For many decades, the monastery was abandoned and exposed to the elements. However, in the 20th century, efforts were made to restore the site, and today, extensive conservation work has helped preserve this important cultural treasure for future generations.
Modern-Day Sumela Monastery
Today, Sumela Monastery is one of Turkey’s most popular tourist attractions, drawing visitors from around the globe. Although it no longer functions as a religious site, its historical and cultural significance remains. The Turkish government, in collaboration with UNESCO, has worked tirelessly to preserve and maintain the monastery, ensuring that its legacy continues to inspire awe.
Visiting Sumela Monastery: What to Expect
If you’re planning a trip to Sumela Monastery, there are a few things to keep in mind. The best time to visit is during the spring or summer months, when the weather is mild and the surrounding nature is in full bloom. The monastery is open to the public year-round, but visitors should check for updates on opening hours, as restoration work may sometimes affect access. Admission fees are required, and guided tours are available for those interested in learning more about the monastery’s history.
Hiking to Sumela Monastery
One of the most popular ways to experience Sumela is by hiking up the mountain. The trails leading to the monastery offer stunning views of the Altindere Valley and the surrounding mountains. The hike can be a bit challenging, especially in the higher sections, but the scenery along the way makes it a rewarding experience. Make sure to bring comfortable shoes, water, and a camera to capture the breathtaking views.
Cultural Importance of Monastery
Beyond its religious significance, Sumela Monastery holds a special place in Turkish culture. It represents a bridge between the country’s diverse historical periods, blending Byzantine, Ottoman, and modern influences. The monastery also plays a role in local folklore, and many of the surrounding villages celebrate festivals and cultural events tied to its history.
Natural Beauty Surrounding Monastery
Altindere National Park, which surrounds the monastery, is a destination in its own right. The park is home to dense forests, flowing rivers, and diverse wildlife, making it a haven for nature lovers. The rich biodiversity of the area is a testament to the preservation efforts that have been undertaken in recent years.
Sumela Monastery in Popular Media
Sumela Monastery has been featured in numerous documentaries, travel shows, and books that explore its history, art, and architecture. Its unique location and stunning visuals have made it a favorite subject for photographers and filmmakers, further cementing its status as an iconic landmark.
Conclusion
Sumela Monastery is not just a historical monument; it is a testament to the enduring spirit of human creativity and devotion. Its cliffside location, stunning architecture, and religious significance make it a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Turkey. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, an art lover, or simply someone seeking adventure, Sumela Monastery offers an unforgettable experience.