Born in 1913 on the Crow Reservation in Montana, Joseph Medicine Crow was a remarkable individual who exemplified the warrior tradition of his people. Throughout his service in France and Germany during World War II, Joe Medicine Crow proved himself to be a true hero, becoming the last Plains Indian war chief by undertaking a daring act: stealing horses from the Nazis. His inspiring story is one of bravery, resilience, and cultural pride, and it serves as a testament to the strength of the human spirit.
Joe Medicine Crow’s Warrior Upbringing
Joe Medicine Crow’s early life was shaped by the traditions and heritage of the Crow Nation. He was raised on the Crow Reservation in Montana, where he learned about his ancestors’ valorous acts. His grandfathers, White Man Runs Him and Chief Medicine Crow, were both influential figures in their own right. White Man Runs Him had served as a scout for General Custer prior to the Battle of Little Bighorn, while Chief Medicine Crow was a revered war hero. These stories of courage and honor instilled in Joe a deep respect for his people’s history and traditions.
Joe Medicine Crow’s Academic Journey
Despite growing up in a culture steeped in warrior traditions, Joe Medicine Crow also recognized the importance of education. He learned to ride horses bareback, survive the harsh Montana winters, and hunt game, all while hearing tales of his ancestors’ exploits as celebrated warriors and war chiefs. Inspired by his tribe’s rich history, Joe pursued a college education and became the first member of the Crow Nation to earn a master’s degree in 1939. However, his academic pursuits were put on hold when he volunteered for service in World War II, leaving behind his Ph.D. program at the University of Southern California.
Joe Medicine Crow’s Contributions in World War II
Joe Medicine Crow’s exceptional skills as a Crow scout did not go unnoticed by the U.S. Army. In 1943, he was assigned to scout for the 103rd Infantry Division and was eventually deployed to France, where he played a pivotal role in pushing back the Nazis. Before battles, Joe adhered to the Crow tradition of painting two red war stripes on his arms, hidden beneath his uniform, and carried a yellow eagle feather into battle. These sacred items connected him to his cultural heritage and provided him with strength and courage.
Joe Medicine Crow’s Feats of Valor
Despite the challenges he faced on the front lines of World War II, Joe Medicine Crow managed to complete the four tests required to become a war chief. During a raid in a small French town, he found himself face-to-face with a German soldier in an alley. With a swift move, Joe used his rifle to disarm the German and take him as a prisoner, fulfilling the test of touching a living enemy and stealing an enemy’s weapon. On another occasion, Joe was entrusted with the responsibility of leading a mission to bring ammunition back to his company, successfully navigating landmines, enemy fire, and overwhelming numbers of enemy soldiers. By accomplishing this mission, he proved his leadership skills and saved the company.
The Nazi Horse Raid
The rules for becoming a Plains war chief involved stealing horses from an enemy camp, a task that seemed impractical in the context of World War II. However, Joe Medicine Crow seized a unique opportunity during the chaotic German retreat. He tracked Nazi SS troops fleeing on horseback and followed them to a villa where a group of horses was captive. Displaying incredible bravery and resourcefulness, Joe Medicine Crow devised a plan to liberate the horses and complete the final test necessary to become a war chief.
Under the cover of darkness, Joe stealthily approached the German-occupied villa. With his knowledge of horse behavior and his expert horsemanship skills, he successfully infiltrated the compound undetected. Carefully, he released the horses from their enclosures, leading them out one by one into the night. The sound of galloping hooves echoed through the countryside as Joe and the stolen horses made their daring escape.
The successful raid on the Nazi horse camp solidified Joe Medicine Crow’s status as a true war chief. He had not only demonstrated his courage, intelligence, and leadership in the face of the enemy but also fulfilled the traditional requirements of his people’s warrior society. The stolen horses symbolized both victory and the preservation of his cultural heritage.
Joe Medicine Crow’s Legacy
After World War II, Joe Medicine Crow returned to the United States, where he dedicated his life to preserving and promoting the history and traditions of the Crow Nation. He worked tirelessly as a historian, author, and lecturer, sharing his remarkable experiences with the world and ensuring that the legacy of his people would endure.
In 2009, at the age of 95, Joe Medicine Crow was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama. This prestigious honor recognized his extraordinary contributions as a warrior, scholar, and advocate for Native American rights.
Joe Medicine Crow’s inspiring story continues to inspire people of all backgrounds. He exemplified the strength and resilience of his people while bridging the gap between his traditional heritage and the modern world. His remarkable achievements serve as a reminder that courage, determination, and a deep connection to one’s roots can overcome even the most formidable challenges.
Conclusion
Joe Medicine Crow’s journey from a young boy on the Crow Reservation to a revered war chief and cultural ambassador is a testament to the indomitable spirit of the human soul. Through his actions in World War II, he not only fought against the forces of oppression but also preserved his people’s traditions and honored the legacy of his ancestors. Joe Medicine Crow’s story serves as an inspiration to us all, reminding us to embrace our heritage, strive for excellence, and stand strong in the face of adversity.
